Breast Self-Examination: Step-by-Step Guide for Early Detection

Understanding Breast Self- Examination

A breast self-examination is a personal health checkup that involves physically evaluating the breasts to identify any sudden changes happening to the breasts, be it in their appearance, texture, or sensitivity. The main goal is not only to diagnose conditions but also to notice some differences happening in the body. As we all know, everyone’s body is different, and knowing what your type is helps you to identify any changes that might need immediate medical attention.

Breast tissue changes naturally due to age, normal fluctuations, pregnancy, or weight changes. Performing regular breast self-examinations helps to understand any normal changes for those that should be evaluated by healthcare providers.

Who needs to perform Self breast examination

Performing self breast examinations are recommended for individuals of all ages, especially those who:

• Women from a family history of breast cancer or breast- related conditions
• Experience hormonal changes
• Lifestyle risk factors
• Proactive health approach 

Healthcare providers might suggest additional screenings based on age, medical history, or risk factors, but self-awareness remains valuable for everyone.

Step-by-Step Guide for Early Detection

Step 1: Visual inspection in front of a mirror

First of all, stand in front of the mirror with good lighting. Try to keep your shoulders straight and arms relaxed at your sides.

Observe your breasts carefully and look for:

• Changes in size or shape
• Differences in symmetry
• Skin changes such as redness, puckering or dimpling
• Changes in nipple position

Next time, lift your arms overhead and observe again. Then place your hands on your hips and gently tighten your chest muscles to notice any kinds of changes in its contour.

Step 2: Physical Examination while standing or sitting

Examine your breasts while standing or sitting. Many experts suggest doing this step during taking a shower because wet skin allows fingers to move smoothly.

• Always move fingers in a small circular motion
• Apply light pressure on the surface tissue, medium pressure should be given for deeper tissue, and apply a firm pressure for tissue closest to the chest wall.
• Try to follow a consistent pattern including circular, vertical lines, or wedge shaped movements.
• Cover the entire breast area with your hands, from the collar bone to the under-breast and from the center to the chest to the underarm. 

Step 3: Physical examination while lying down

Now lie a flat on your back and one arm behind your head. This position helps to spread the breast tissue evenly across the chest.

Then follow these steps:

• Use the opposite hand to examine the breast
• Repeat the same circular motion or vertical movements
• Ensure you check the underarm area
• Switch sides and repeat the process

The position often makes it easier to feel deeper changes.

Step 4: Nipple examination

In this step, gently squeeze the each nipple and check for:

• Unusual discharge
• Pain or tenderness
• Changes in the direction or appearance

Any kinds of unexpected discharge and constant discomfort should be discussed with a healthcare professional immediately.

When to consult a doctor

If you start to notice any sudden changes that continue for more than a few weeks, or if something feels significantly different than usual, then schedule an appointment with a doctor. An immediate medical evaluation can help to rule out concerns or allow early cancer treatment if needed.