Biopsy Procedure: Step-by-Step Guide for First-Time Patients

What is a biopsy?

A biopsy is a medical procedure used to remove a piece of tissue or sample of cells from the patient’s body; it's later tested in the laboratory. A healthcare practitioner might suggest a patient undergo a certain biopsy if they are experiencing any signs of cancer or have identified an area of concern.

A biopsy can determine whether a patient has cancer or any other health issues. For most cancer cases, the only way to make a diagnosis is to perform a biopsy to collect cells for closer examination.

Types of biopsies

Biopsies are usually performed to identify or determine whether tissue or a tumor is malignant (cancerous) or to determine the cause of an inflammation or unexpected infection.

Here are some of the types of biopsies used to check for any signs of cancer.

including:

• Bone marrow biopsy: Bone marrow aspiration biopsy is a type of biopsy used to evaluate the bone marrow fluid. This test is used to analyze blood disorders such as leukemia, anemia, and infections.
• Endoscopic biopsy: An endoscopic biopsy is a procedure where tissue samples are collected through an endoscope for examination and diagnosis.
• Excisional biopsy: During this type of biopsy procedure, an entire lump or area of skin that appears suspicious is examined. You might receive stitches to close the biopsy site.
• Incisional biopsy: During an incisional biopsy, a doctor might use a scalpel to remove a small area of skin.
• Fine needle aspiration biopsy: A long, thin needle is inserted into the suspicious or cancer-affected area. A syringe is used to collect fluid and cells for analysis.
• Lymph node biopsy: This is a medical procedure where a sample of tissue from a lymph node is taken for examination. It is often used to diagnose the reasons for swollen lymph nodes.
• Needle biopsy : A needle biopsy is a procedure to remove some cells or small tissues from the body using a needle. The sample often removed during a needle biopsy goes to a lab for further testing.
• Punch biopsy: During a punch biopsy, a circular tool is used to collect a small section of the skin’s deep layers.
• Shave biopsy: During the shave biopsy, a healthcare professional uses a tool kinda similar to razor to scrape or collect the surface of the skin.
• Skin biopsy: This procedure is performed to collect small skin tissue samples for examination. It is often performed to diagnose various skin conditions such as rashes or suspected skin cancers.

Preparing for the procedure

Patients often receive instructions based on the type of biopsy procedure the doctor has suggested for their condition, including fasting or avoiding food if anaesthesia is involved.

• The doctor might ask you to wear comfortable clothing.
• Arrange for someone to accompany you to the hospital. (In case you are given any sedative medicine or anesthesia used for the condition)

Post-procedure care

After the procedure your healthcare provider might put a bandage over the area where the biopsy is performed.  

You may be advised to apply pressure to the bandage for several minutes to prevent the chance of bleeding.

The doctor will give some post-care instructions, such as watching for a few hours and avoiding any strenuous activities for 24 hours.

Pain is usually minimal and manageable. If you are experiencing extreme pain, then inform your healthcare team to avoid any future complications.

Top Tips for first time patients

• If you have any questions and concerns, then ask your healthcare provider and medical team. 
• Never hesitate to ask your doctor about your concerns, whether it's about the procedure or its side effects.
• Most biopsies are quick and low-risk. It’s safe and precise in nature, so stay calm and do not panic. 
• Ask for help from your family and friends. Accompany them to the hospital. They can provide emotional support and help you with post-procedures.